Fig. 13.1 Offset-type tensor. The tensor consists of three parts: upper seesaw plate, lower platform plate, and extra-articular main body. Two plates are connected to the extra-articular main body by…

Fig. 14.1 Limb is held by the foot and elevated. There is a 1° flexion contracture with optimal alignment. Note the limb appears fully extended Figs. 14.2 and 14.3 Surgeon…

Fig. 9.1 Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament in a PS total knee replacement 9.3 Step 2: Osteophytes The presence of osteophytes on the medial aspect of the tibial plateau and…

Fig. 16.1 Offset-type sensor used in total knee arthroplasty, which enables soft-tissue balance assessment. Left; Fuzion (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA), Right; Attune (Depuy Synthes, Warsaw, USA) Despite advanced accuracy in bony…

Fig. 6.1 If the knee joint is well tensioned in flexion, anterior and posterior femoral resections are made by using an AP cutting block Fig. 6.2 Spacer blocks can be…

Fig. 7.1 The Gunston polycentric knee (From Gunston [22]) The 1970s saw the introduction of several BCR TKAs. The Coventry Geomedic knee consisted of a single femoral component with a…

Fig. 1.1 (a) Anterior view of a right cadaveric knee demonstrating the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and lateral meniscal anterior root attachment (LARA). (b) Sagittal cross…

Fig. 4.1 Rectangular (a) extension gap and (b) flexion gap The resections of the tibia and femur during knee arthroplasty must result in rectangular flexion and extension gaps (equal medial…

Fig. 2.1 Renderings of bone models of the femur, tibia, and fibula show how the varus laxity of the knee is determined. The other six laxities are determined in a…