Vascular Jeremy D. Carroll Akshay Lakra INTRODUCTION Vascular etiologies of acute and chronic foot pain pose a significant burden on patient quality of life, ambulatory status, morbidity, mortality, and health…

Neuropathies Ronald Guberman Karina Tavakalyan Daniel Howell Julien Adicho Elizabet Peraj Timur Davydov Mary Ann Picone Peripheral neuropathies can affect motor, sensory, or autonomic nerves and cause a variety of…

Neurologic Causes of Foot Pain Mary Ann Picone Asya Izraelit Wallach Anthony Martino Iuso Molly D. Forlines AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease,…

Pain Management in Foot and Ankle Trauma Phillip Ross Michael C. Harrington Dana Perim Injuries to the foot and ankle are often associated with motor vehicle collisions, industrial accidents, or…

Malformations, Degenerative Hamza Murtaza Joseph R. Young HALLUX VALGUS Hallux valgus is a complex deformity of the first ray that leads to progressive pain often at the medial eminence of…

Bone Khushdeep S. Vig Marlon J. Murasko Hamza Murtaza ANKLE ARTHRITIS Ankle arthritis causes a substantial socioeconomic burden to the society, and it has significant effects on function, with similar…

Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Andrew D. Posner Kyle Angelicola-Richardson INTRODUCTION Repetitive muscle and tendon injuries in the foot and ankle are frequent causes of patient pain and disability. These injuries are…

Nerves Molly E. Mounsey Khushdeep S. Vig NERVES The innervation of the foot and ankle is complex, with lumbar and sacral nerve roots contributing to a multitude of nerves within…