History and Physical Exam
Fig. 2.1 The Jobe test, or “empty can test,” is useful to evaluate for tears that involve the supraspinatus. The test is performed with the patient’s shoulders flexed to 90°…
MUSCULOSKELETAL MEDICINE
Hemiarthroplasty
Cuff tear arthropathy in the elderly, low-demand patient desiring only pain relief and a low-risk operation (Fig. 9.1) Cuff tear arthropathy or massive rotator cuff tear with preoperative forward elevation…
Biologics and Patches
Fig. 6.1 View of the lateral aspect of the shoulder. Different-colored sutures from the medial row anchor/aspect of tendon through the patch Once the medial sutures are passed through the…
Diabetic Charcot Neurogenic Osteoarthropathy
Fig. 15.1 Scheme of diabetic lesions of the foot Septic Neuropathic Ischemic Combined [81] Diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy is the most severe form of the diabetic foot, which differs in certain…
Osteoarthritis
Synovitis Stretching of the joint capsule Periosteal elevation Pain at tendon and ligament insertion sites (enthesopathy) Muscular hypertonus Increased intra-articular pressure Bone microfractures 13.4 Risk Factors of OA Development In…
Changes of the Musculoskeletal System in the Metabolic Syndrome
Fig. 16.1 Predisposing factors of metabolic arthritis and avascular necrosis Osteopenia or osteoporosis commonly found in older population is usually more marked if associated with MS; however, with concomitant osteochondrosis…
Radiology and Ultrasonography Findings in Chondrocalcinosis
Fig. 18.1 Knees – AP – early signs of chondrocalcinosis, fine linear shadow in the central part of the tibiofemoral joint space in both knees, calcification of hyaline cartilage (red…
Surgical Treatment of Sequelae of Rheumatic Diseases
Fig. 32.1 Arthrodesis of the knee joint with a nail In the long run, it eliminates pain and improves weight bearing capacity and stability at the expense of certain limitation…
Involutional Osteoporosis: Sarcopenia, Frailty Syndrome and Falls
Fig. 34.1 Based on bone mineral density (BMD), a majority of women with fractures do not have osteoporosis (WHO) (Adjusted after: Siris et al. [34]) The ageing process is associated…
Aortic Aneurysm as a Cause of Death in Giant Cell Arteritis
Fig. 9.1 Scheme of the dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in an 84-year-old woman; (1) beginning of dissection, (2) end of dissection Figure 9.2 shows histotopography (photo…
