Local anaesthetics
A number of anaesthetics are used routinely in clinical practice. Those most commonly used are all amino amides, which are very stable in solution and metabolised by the liver. Amino…
MUSCULOSKELETAL MEDICINE
Kidney Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 30 Kidney Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Gabor G. Illei, MD , James E. Balow, MD The kidney is the most commonly involved major internal organ in patients with…
Incomplete Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 43 Incomplete Lupus Erythematosus Tom J.G. Swaak, MD , Johannes C. Nossent, MD INTRODUCTION The abundant use of classification criteria in rheumatology is a mixed blessing for practicing physicians.1…
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 31 Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Thomas A. Luger, MD , Gisela Bonsmann, MD , Annegret Kuhn, MD , Markus Böhm, MD INTRODUCTION Cutaneous involvement in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE)…
The Eye in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 39 The Eye in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Alastair K.O. Denniston, MRCP, MRCOphth , Philip I. Murray, PhD, FRCOphth INTRODUCTION About a third of patients with SLE may have ocular…
Mechanisms of Skin Damage
Chapter 28 Mechanisms of Skin Damage Markus Böhm, MD , Thomas A. Luger, MD INTRODUCTION Understanding the mechanisms of skin damage in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) requires knowledge of the…
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Infections
Chapter 35 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Infections William R. Gilliland, MD , George C. Tsokos, MD Despite improved treatment and overall survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infection…
The Heart and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 32 The Heart and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Jennifer R. Elliott, MD , Amy H. Kao, MD, MPH , Susan Manzi, MD, MPH INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is…
Nitric Oxide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 26 Nitric Oxide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus James C. Oates, MD , Gary S. Gilkeson, MD INTRODUCTION Whereas acquired autoimmunity is the sine qua non of lupus, the innate…
Anti-Histone Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 22E Anti-Histone Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Georg Schett, MD , Günter Steiner, MD , Josef S. Smolen, MD INTRODUCTION The autoimmune response to chromatin is one of the…
