25 Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis John F. Foley, Ryan R. Metzger, Kara Menning, Cortnee Roman, and Emily N. Stuart   KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Pain is a common symptom…

9 Tools and Tests for Multiple Sclerosis Robert A. Bermel KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Blood tests play an important role in excluding mimics of multiple sclerosis (MS).        •  Spinal fluid analysis…

26 Upper Extremity Function in Multiple Sclerosis Christine Smith and Kathleen M. Zackowski KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction is a common issue for individuals with multiple sclerosis…

15 Treating Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Carrie M. Hersh KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is defined by progressive accrual of disability in the absence of relapses.        •  Secondary…

42 Neurosarcoidosis Brandon P. Moss and Jinny Tavee KEY POINTS FOR THE CLINICIAN        •  Neurologic complications are seen in 5% to 10% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis, but are the presenting…

PART VI. RELATED DISEASES   38 Neuromyelitis Optica Amanda L. Piquet and John R. Corboy KEY POINTS FOR THE CLINICIAN        •  Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a distinct clinical–pathological disease that is…

14 Treating Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: Infusion Therapies Jenny J. Feng and Daniel Ontaneda KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  There are six infusion therapies for the treatment of relapsing forms…

21 Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis Stephen M. Rao KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        Cognitive dysfunction …        •  Occurs in 43% to 65% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)        •  Is often under…

16 Emerging Therapies Michael D. Kornberg and Peter A. Calabresi KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Current disease-modifying therapies target the peripheral immune system with a primary goal of preventing relapses.        •  The…

PART V. SPECIAL ISSUES   33 Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Amy T. Waldman KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS        •  Pediatric and adult multiple sclerosis (MS) have similar clinical symptoms.        •  The presence of encephalopathy…