Functional Constipation and Encopresis
Functional Constipation and Encopresis William J. Klish Chronic constipation is a common complaint in children. It accounts for 3% of office visits to a primary care physician and 20% to…
Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Normal Gastrointestinal Function Mark A. Gilger The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has many functions—digestion, absorption, and secretion, as well as endocrine and immunologic functions. This system can be thought of as…
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis Arundhati S. Kale L. Leighton Hill Marked variation exists in the incidence of urinary tract stones in children worldwide. In some countries, such as Turkey and Thailand, urolithiasis is…
Renal Vascular Thrombosis
Renal Vascular Thrombosis Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill Renal vascular thrombosis is a rare condition in children that affects primarily neonates or children with a few select underlying conditions,…
Renal Hypertension
Renal Hypertension Daniel I. Feig Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill An abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a significant cause of hypertension in children. Intrinsic renovascular hypertension…
Bartter Syndrome
Bartter Syndrome Myra L. Chiang Hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies comprise a set of clinically and genetically distinct inherited renal disorders previously summarized under the designation Bartter syndrome (BS). Recent identification of…
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Arundhati S. Kale L. Leighton Hill Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a hereditary or acquired disorder characterized by renal tubular resistance to the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin…
Disorders of Renal Phosphate Transport
Disorders of Renal Phosphate Transport Myra L. Chiang Phosphorus plays a critical role in skeletal development, mineralization, and cellular functions. The kidney regulates phosphate homeostasis by tubular reabsorption of filtered…
Disorders of Renal Glucose Transport
Disorders of Renal Glucose Transport L. Leighton Hill Primary renal glucosuria is a selective defect of proximal tubular glucose transport in which glucose is excreted in the urine at normal…
Panproximal Tubular Dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome)
Panproximal Tubular Dysfunction (Fanconi Syndrome) Eileen D. Brewer Fanconi syndrome (FS) is the result of generalized transport dysfunction of the proximal renal tubule. It is characterized classically by excessive urinary…
