Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis Carol L. Rosen ETIOLOGY Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology recognized by the characteristic radiographic appearance of widespread intraalveolar accumulation of calcific concretions….
Chronic Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease in Childhood
Chronic Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease in Childhood Iley Browning Claire Langston Chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease in children includes a heterogeneous group of pathologic states characterized by a diffuse inflammatory…
Central Hypoventilation Syndromes
Central Hypoventilation Syndromes Carole L. Marcus Central alveolar hypoventilation is defined as an increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension (greater than 45 mm Hg during wakefulness) due to a decrease…
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Carole L. Marcus Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an important cause of morbidity in children. If left untreated, it can result in cor pulmonale, neurologic…
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Marianna M. Sockrider Pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of hemosiderin in the lungs. Deposition of hemosiderin results from bleeding into the lungs…
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis Beryl J. Rosenstein Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease affecting populations of European origin. The triad of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic exocrine deficiency,…
Laryngeal Disorders
Laryngeal Disorders Richard J. H. Smith Benjamin B. Cable ANATOMY Anatomic considerations are discussed in Box 234.1. LARYNGOMALACIA Stridor is a high-pitched, musical sound that is produced by airflow turbulence…
Ciliary Dyskinesia
Ciliary Dyskinesia M. John Hicks Mucociliary clearance from the respiratory tract depends on normal function and structure of cilia lining the mucosa along the nasal cavity and from the larynx…
Bacterial Pneumonia
Bacterial Pneumonia John F. Modlin In the United States, infection of the lower respiratory tract is recognized annually in 15 to 20 of 1,000 infants younger than 1 year of…
