Circular External Fixation Components and Design Considerations Paul S. Cooper Introduction A thorough knowledge of the many components that are involved in external fixation design and pin/wire attachment significantly facilitates…
Safe Lower Extremity Anatomic Zones for External Fixation Patrick R. Burns Ryan L. McMillen Introduction The use of external fixation continues to grow and evolve in foot and ankle surgery….
Operating Room Preparation and External Fixation Equipment Paul S. Cooper Introduction Perioperative planning can significantly improve the efficiency of external fixator application in the operating room. Template ring sizing can…
Biomechanics of External Fixation James E. Orsak J. Tracy Watson Introduction Perhaps one of the biggest advantages of using external fixation is the ability to modulate the healing environment throughout…
History and Evolution of External Fixation Bradley P. Abicht Thomas S. Roukis Introduction Physicians and surgeons have utilized external fixation as a method for stabilizing, reconstructing, and treating osseous and…
Aftercare of the Injured and Operated Hand General Information Appropriate aftercare is critical to a successful result following hand injuries or elective hand surgery. Following injury or operation, specific splints…
The Operating Room in Hand Surgery General Information The operating room setup for hand surgery is unique among the surgical disciplines. Surgical retractors and other instruments used in general orthopedic…
Emergency Room Assessment Injuries of the hand are one of the more common reasons patients seek emergency department evaluation. Hand injuries may be isolated or part of multiple trauma. Small…
Clenched Fist Syndrome, Factitious Limb Edema, and Self-Inflicted Injury General Information Occasionally, primary psychiatric diseases manifest as fixed, dramatically abnormal hand postures, factitious limb edema, and self-inflicted injury. These patients…
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes General Information Arm injuries produce pain. This is not surprising given the density of sensory innervation of the arm. Not only will the patient experience pain…
