Diagnostically Directed Examination for Infectious, Inflammatory, and Neoplastic Conditions Jonathan G. Schoenecker Stephanie N. Moore-Lotridge Samuel Johnson Alexandre Arkader • Introduction Pediatric musculoskeletal infections are challenging. Given the potential for…
Physical Examination for Unusual and Syndromic Conditions Pooya Hosseinzadeh Ron El-Hawary Craig Eberson Kishore Mulpuri • Unusual Conditions Patients present to orthopedic surgeons for management of their musculoskeletal problems. It…
Diagnostically Directed Examination for Neurological Disorders M. Wade Shrader A. Noelle Larson • Introduction Patients with neurological conditions present with discrete physical examination findings. Pattern recognition is important for diagnosis…
Observational Gait Analysis and Correlation With Static Examination Robert M. Kay Susan A. Rethlefsen Tom F. Novacheck • Introduction Locomotion is how one moves from place to place. For most…
Pearls and Pitfalls of the Pediatric Musculoskeletal Examination Andrew Howard Martin Herman Michael Wolf • Introduction The clinical history and physical examination are the basis for diagnosis. The clinic visit…
Common Pediatric Orthopedic Nomenclature Aristides I. Cruz, Jr Joseph G. Khoury • Nomenclature Proper examination of the musculoskeletal system requires a fundamental knowledge of standard anatomic nomenclature. This understanding forms…
Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Musculoskeletal Systems James G. Jarvis Megan E. Johnson • Introduction There are anatomical and physiological differences between the pediatric and adult musculoskeletal systems. Certain anatomical…
Assessing and treating upper limb structures are commonly undertaken in musculoskeletal medicine, particularly as these tend to be superficial and readily identified with ultrasound. These tend to become more amenable…
10.1 Hip The hip represents a challenging area to scan and inject effectively. The key elements in this region are the correct identification of anatomy, suitable positioning of the patient,…
