Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury which can have severe negative consequences. Neuromuscular factors that increase risk, such as knee landing kinematics, may be ameliorated through…
Return to Play Considerations for Cervical Spine Injuries in Athletes
Injuries to the cervical spine during sports are relatively common, depending on the specific sport. Given the adjacent neurovascular structures, any injury to the cervical spine must be evaluated with…
Evaluation and Treatment of the Concussed Athlete – Update
Athletes with sports related concussions are increasingly seeking medical care for management and guidance for return to play. This article aims to provide an updated review of the management of…
Sports Medicine
Brian J. Krabak, MD, MBA, FACSM, Editor The field of sports medicine is living in a tale of two cities: the best of times and the worst of times. It’s…
Sports Medicine
Gregory T. Carter, MD, MS, Consulting Editor Sports medicine has always been a little bit difficult to define in my mind. A lot of medical specialties and ancillary health care…
Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury
In this article, an overview is provided of pediatric spinal cord injury, organized by effects of this injury on various organ systems. Specific management differences between children and adults with…
Evaluation of Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm Function with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and M-Mode Ultrasonography in Potential Pediatric Phrenic Nerve or Diaphragm Pacing Candidates
Assessing phrenic nerve function in the setting of diaphragmatic paralysis in diaphragm pacing candidates can be challenging. Traditional imaging modalities and electrodiagnostic evaluations are technically difficult. Either modality alone is…
Scoliosis, Spinal Fusion, and Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Implantation
This article reviews the incidence, management, and complications of scoliosis in patients with cerebral palsy. Treatment of scoliosis in patients with cerebral palsy includes both nonoperative and operative management and…
Pediatric Limb Differences and Amputations
Congenital limb differences are uncommon birth defects that may go undetected even with prenatal screening ultrasound scans and often go undetected until birth. For children with congenital limb differences, a…
Intrathecal Baclofen Bolus Dosing and Catheter Tip Placement in Pediatric Tone Management
Intrathecal baclofen (ITB), administered by an implanted pump, has emerged as an efficacious therapy for the treatment of hypertonicity in pediatrics. Although ITB has been used for more than 20 years…
