Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, and fractures are the most frequent adverse effects of this medication. Glucocorticoids have several direct and indirect adverse effects…
As populations age, the number of osteoporotic fractures will increase. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement remains the major way to diagnose osteoporosis and to indicate therapy. The FRAX tool, based…
Bisphosphonates reduce the risk of major osteoporotic fractures and are the most commonly used medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Although these medications are well tolerated and safe…
Controversies regarding appropriate use of vitamin D and calcium are predominately related to the extraskeletal effects. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. The concerns regarding calcium and…
This article reviews the conceptual framework for agents that are antiresorptive or anabolic, including pathways that affect bone formation and resorption, and the steps in those pathways that are targets…
Although a variety of medications are effective for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, there is concern that long-term use may incur side effects. Consequently, some have proposed discontinuing or temporarily…
This article reviews a group of miscellaneous malignant conditions that may mimic rheumatologic diseases. Primary salivary gland cancer as well as lymphoproliferative conditions such as lymphoma and IgG4 related syndromes…
Rheumatologists are often consulted regarding both typical and atypical vasculitides, vasculopathies, and hypercoagulability. It is important to keep in mind that all of these can come from neoplastic or paraneoplastic…
Changes of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat can occur in the setting of internal malignancy. When a particular cutaneous disorder is strongly associated with, and parallels the course of,…
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of acquired, heterogeneous, connective tissue diseases that mainly affect skeletal muscle. Characteristic clinical and histopathologic features allow their classification into polymyositis, dermatomyositis,…
