Ultrasound Basics
Introduction Ultrasound guidance can be applied to assist in a multitude of interventional orthopedic procedures. This chapter provides a review of ultrasound physics, image optimization, common artifacts, and fundamentals of…
Autologous Tissue Harvesting Techniques: Bone Marrow Aspirate and Adipose Tissue
Introduction Regenerative medicine has become an increasingly popular field of interest over the last several decades. Its potential application for treating various disease pathologies is promising and much research is…
Toxins for Orthopedics
Introduction Botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum as a complex of proteins containing neurotoxin and various non-toxic proteins. There are seven immunologically distinct serotypes of the…
Allograft Tissues
Introduction Allograft tissues are obtained from a donor source and transplanted into a different recipient or host, while autologous tissues are obtained and redirected into the same individual. Allograft tissue…
Sclerosing Agents
Introduction Sclerotherapy is the process of injecting a proinflammatory agent into an enlarged potential space (e.g., bursa, Morel-Lavallee lesion, tendon sheath) with the goal of alleviating pain, restoring function, and…
Autologous Tissue Harvesting Techniques: Platelet-Rich Plasma
Introduction Whole Blood and Platelets Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was first used in cardiac surgery by Ferrari and colleagues in 1987 as an autologous blood transfusion after open heart procedures to…
Autologous Orthobiologics
Introduction The delivery of cell- and non-cell-based therapies can generally be classified as either autologous or allogenic. Autologous treatments involve a procedure in which the patient’s own tissues are collected…
Principles of Injection Therapy
Musculoskeletal injections are common procedures across various medical specialties. The evidence for musculoskeletal injections is varied and is complicated by differing injection techniques, injectates, and landmark versus image guidance. When…
Principles of Fluoroscopy Imaging in Spine and Musculoskeletal Interventional Orthopedics
Introduction Fluoroscopy has played a central role for injection therapies of the spine and peripheral joints, for both interventional pain management and orthopedics. In this chapter, we focus on the…
Introduction to Interventional Orthopedics and Review of the Pathophysiology of Orthopedic Conditions
Interventional orthopedics is a developing field that attempts to bridge the gap between traditional non-operative orthopedics (e.g., sports medicine, interventional spine or pain medicine) and surgical interventions. This field expands…
