Musculoskeletal Key

Introduction: Scope and Purpose The evolution of the treatment of pediatric femoral fractures has paralleled societal changes and expectations in the delivery of health care. Historically, clinicians were content to…

Introduction Children with multiple injuries present unusually stressful challenges to their families and the multidisciplinary medical and surgical teams that care for them. The goal of the acute care of…

Acknowledgment The author would like to acknowledge and thank Robert N. Hensinger, MD, for his contributions to the previous versions of this chapter. Vascular Injuries Arterial Injuries Fifty-eight percent of…

Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Manoj Ramachandran for his contributions to the previous version of this chapter. Introduction Preservation of the structure and function of…

Introduction Pathologic fractures occur in diseased bone, and, in children, such fractures are caused by a spectrum of conditions different from those in adults. Children’s diseases frequently associated with pathologic…

Acknowledgment The author would like to acknowledge Fred F. Behrens, MD (deceased), for his contributions to earlier versions of this chapter. Characteristics It is generally accepted that open fractures among…

Introduction Children who are victims of severe trauma usually sustain musculoskeletal injuries. However, they may also have injuries to other body areas that can be severe and even life-threatening. Although…

Introduction How do we know that our interventions “work”? The success or effectiveness of an intervention can best be understood in terms of whether it consistently achieves the goal/s for…

Introduction Immobilization in a cast has been the standard of care for spinal and upper and lower extremity injuries and fractures in children. Techniques were first described in antiquity and…