Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystal Arthropathy
Key Points • Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are a group of ultramicroscopic crystals that are mainly composed of hydroxyapatite and are frequently deposited in articular tissues. • BCP crystal…
Crystalline Disorders Associated With Renal Disease Including Oxalate Arthropathy
Key Points • Rheumatic syndromes are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD); regardless of renal disease etiology, musculoskeletal symptoms have been reported in up to 82% of patients…
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Key Points • Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition is a metabolic disorder that manifests substantially more often as joint pathology than it does as a symptomatic arthropathy. • The…
Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Cardiovascular and Renal Implications
Key Points • There are a number of in vitro and in vivo models supporting a complex potential relation of hyperuricemia to both cardiovascular and renal outcomes. • Definitive evidence…
Pathogenesis and Molecular Genetics of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
Key Points • By far the majority of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is an idiopathic/sporadic disease with onset in later life, but early-onset familial disease also occurs….
Health-Related Quality of Life and Outcome Measures in Gout
Key Points • Despite the growing prevalence of gout, only a few studies have examined the overall impact of gout on patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL). HRQOL refers to…
Uricase Therapy of Gout
Key Points • Uricolytic therapy with uricase (urate oxidase) degrades uric acid, ultimately resulting in the production of allantoin, which is much more soluble and readily excreted in the urine…
Prophylaxis of Attacks of Acute Gouty Arthritis
Key Points • Gout attacks (also called “flares”) are commonly precipitated by factors that induce rapid rise (e.g., diet and alcohol excess, intensive diuresis for congestive heart failure) or decline…
Overview of Gout Therapy Strategy and Targets, and the Management of Refractory Disease
Key Points • Comprehensive management of gout involves identifying and addressing comorbid cause(s) of the hyperuricemia, treating and preventing attacks of gouty inflammation, and lowering serum urate to an appropriate…
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Treatment of Hyperuricemia
Key Points • Xanthine oxidase is a critical enzyme in the metabolism of purines to uric acid. Both allopurinol and febuxostat reduce serum urate concentration through inhibition of xanthine oxidase….
