Musculoskeletal Key

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Lumbar spinal stenosis is defined as the compression of lumbar spinal nerve roots and is usually seen in the older population. This chapter discusses the pathophysiology,…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: The classic approach to access the anterior thoracic spine is either a thoracotomy or thoracoabdominal exposure, both of which require extensive soft tissue dissection. Video-assisted thoracoscopy…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Far lateral disc herniations (FLDHs) of the lumbar spine represent a relatively rare condition in which the site of neural element compression is located lateral to…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Spinal stenosis in the thoracic region is a rare condition. Causes for the condition are varied and include generalized skeletal disorders and localized spinal conditions. The…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Herniation of thoracic intervertebral discs occurs commonly but infrequently leads to symptomatic presentation. Historically, posterior treatment of herniated thoracic discs was limited to laminectomy and accompanied…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the cervical spine. Three characteristic patterns of cervical instability result from rheumatoid involvement: atlantoaxial…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Myelopathy describes damage to the white-matter tracts and central gray matter of the spinal cord. Myelopathy can be traumatic or nontraumatic, and acute or chronic. This…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Spinal deformity resulting from spinal trauma may be acute or chronic. In cases resulting in acute spinal cord injury, surgical correction of the deformity may be…

CHAPTER PREVIEW CHAPTER SYNOPSIS: Cervical radiculopathy is the most common presentation of cervical disc disease and usually involves mixed components of neck and arm symptoms. The most commonly clinical complaints…