Elbow Imaging
Evaluation of elbow injuries in athletes begins with conventional radiographs. Standard radiographic views of the elbow include anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique projections ( Fig. 63-1 ). The anteroposterior and oblique…
Elbow Diagnosis and Decision Making
Overview of Pathologies The key to diagnosing elbow injuries involves performing a thorough history and physical examination of the elbow. Additionally, to rule out referred pain, the surrounding areas such…
Vascular Problems and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Vascular problems involving the shoulder are relatively uncommon but can result in pain, a profound deleterious effect on an athlete’s performance, and in rare cases, a potentially limb-threatening situation. Acute…
Glenohumeral Arthritis in the Athlete
Arthritis or degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the shoulder of young athletes is a disabling condition that often leads to an end to sports participation and is extremely challenging to…
Subscapularis Injury
The subscapularis represents the anterior portion of the rotator cuff and is an important stabilizer and internal rotator for the glenohumeral joint. The first case documenting a subscapularis tendon tear…
Nerve Entrapment
Nerve Entrapment in the Shoulder Entrapment neuropathies involving the shoulder are rare but potentially debilitating conditions. Their presentation is often subtle and insidious in onset. Injuries resulting from direct trauma,…
Overview of Rehabilitation Protocols
This chapter provides rehabilitation specialists with a resource that will help them use appropriate evidence-based therapeutic exercises as they relate to specific orthopaedic protocols. Evidence from systematic reviews indicates that…
SLAP Tears
Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions have been recognized as a cause of shoulder pain since the mid 1980s. Controversy regarding what was a normal variant and what was…
Stiff Shoulder
The structural anatomy of the glenohumeral articulation affords considerable range of motion to the shoulder. The osseous and soft tissue structures provide limited yet sufficient static and dynamic restraints to…
Proximal Biceps Tendon Pathology
Although the function of the long head of the biceps (LHB) has been long debated, its ability to generate pain in the shoulder generates little controversy. Proximal LHB pathology is…
