Gustilo Classification
Gustilo Classification Tiffany J. Pan John R. Fowler INTRODUCTION Classification system for open fractures proposed by Dr Ramon Gustilo and Dr John Anderson in 19761 Primary study aim was the…
Ulnar Nerve Injuries
Ulnar Nerve Injuries Vishavpreet Singh Ardalan Sayan Alan R. Koester INTRODUCTION Epidemiology Ulnar nerve compression is the second most common upper extremity compressive neuropathy (only secondary to median nerve compression…
Radial Nerve Injuries
Radial Nerve Injuries Lisa M. Kruse Bryan Loeffler INTRODUCTION Anatomy1 Arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5-C8 and/or T1) Traverses the triangular interval (teres major, long head…
Median Nerve Injuries
Median Nerve Injuries Sohaib K. Malik Alan R. Koester INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Median nerve derived from medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus contains fibers from all five nerve roots (C5-T1)….
Digital Nerve Injury
Digital Nerve Injury Rachel Michael Roy E. Schneider Margaret Jain INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Nerve layers (from deep to superficial)1 Endoneurium—Connective tissue that surrounds each axon or nerve fiber Perineurium—Strong layer of…
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles
Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair Principles D. Nicole Deal Patricia A. Drace INTRODUCTION Pathoanatomy Epineurium1,2,3 Circumferentially organized connective tissue layer in between and around fascicles for nourishment and protection Perineurium…
Jersey Finger
Jersey Finger Nisha J. Crouser Steven R. Niedermeier Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Jersey finger is an injury to the terminal flexor mechanism at the level of the distal interphalangeal (DIP)…
Flexor Tendon Injuries
Flexor Tendon Injuries Andrew Campbell Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Anatomy Flexor tendons Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Flexor digitorum profundus…
Sagittal Band Rupture (Traumatic Extensor Tendon Dislocation)
Sagittal Band Rupture (Traumatic Extensor Tendon Dislocation) Matthew S. Torkington David J. Warwick INTRODUCTION The extensor mechanism to the fingers is a complicated arrangement of structures that contribute to finger…
Mallet Finger
Mallet Finger Steven R. Niedermeier Hisham M. Awan INTRODUCTION Mallet finger is an injury to the terminal extensor mechanism at the level of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. This can…
