Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries
Introduction Michael J. Battaglia, MD Epidemiology Age • 20 to 29 Gender • 68% men, 32% women Sport • In general, virtually any sport, especially those involving contact or pivoting. Football,…
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendinopathy
Introduction William G. Hamilton, MD, BSE, AAOS, AOA, FACS Marika Molnar, PT, LAc Nadia Sefcovic, DPT, COMT Epidemiology Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy (dancer’s tendinitis) is common in female ballet dancers who perform…
Plantar Fasciitis
Introduction Charles Christopher Stroud, MD Erick Fountain, MPT, OMPT Mike Pollzzie, PT, DPT, OMPT, CSCS Epidemiology • Ten percent of the US population presents with heel pain at some point in their lives….
Fifth Metatarsal Fractures
Introduction Timothy S. Mologne, MD Epidemiology • Fractures of the fifth metatarsal are relatively common in athletic individuals. • There is no association with age or sex, but they are more…
Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries and Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries
Introduction John Apostolakos, BS Mark P. Cote, PT, DPT, MSCTR Knut Beitzel, MA, MD Augustus D. Mazzocca, MS, MD Epidemiology • Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries are considered among the most common orthopedic injuries to…
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (Turf Toe)
Introduction Stephen Gould, MD, MPH Kenneth J. Mroczek, MD Epidemiology • The term turf toe first appeared in literature in 1976 as reported by Bowers and Martin to describe plantar capsuloligamentous sprain…
Midfoot Strains and Sprains and Lisfranc Injuries
Introduction Jason M. Jennings, MD, DPT Mark E. Easley, MD Epidemiology of Tarsometatarsal Complex Injuries (Lisfranc Complex Injuries) • Tarsometatarsal (TMT) complex injuries are rare and often subtle in athletes both clinically…
Ankle Impingement
Introduction Charles P. Hannon, BS Niall A. Smyth, MD Christopher D. Murawski, BS John G. Kennedy, MD, FRCS Epidemiology • Ankle impingement is one of the more common challenges faced by the orthopedic foot…
Lateral Collateral Ligament and Posterolateral Ligament Injuries
Isolated Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries: Introduction William G. Clancy, MD Epidemiology • Frequency: relatively uncommon • Age: under 30 years of age • Sex: predominantly males • Sport: football, wrestling, soccer…
Spondylolysis
Introduction Gregg Ziemke, PT, MS, MHA, OCS Stewart M. Kerr, MD Leslie C. Hair, PT, DSc, OCS, FAAOMPT Charles E. Rainey, PT, DSc, DPT, OCS, SCS, CSCS, FAAOMPT Epidemiology Age • One study reported…
