Plantar Fasciitis
Abstract Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain in adults. Up to 15% of the population will be affected by heel pain. Although clinical history…
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain
Abstract The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) provides important contributions to the stability and normal biomechanical function of the knee. Injury to the PCL is relatively rare in isolation, but more…
Bunion and Bunionette
Abstract Hallux valgus, also known as a bunion, is the most common deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, resulting in the proximal phalanx deviating laterally and the first metatarsal…
Mallet Toe
Abstract This chapter covers assessment and treatment of flexion deformities of the toe, commonly known as mallet toe. Treatment options include non-surgical interventions (physical therapy, foot orthotics, injections) and surgical…
Metatarsalgia
Abstract Metatarsalgia is a common cause of foot pain and occurs on the plantar surface at the region of the second and third metatarsal heads. This is usually caused by…
Ankle Arthritis
Abstract Ankle arthritis is inflammation of the ankle (talocrural) joint producing symptoms of pain, stiffness, swelling, and often warmth. It can be caused by wear and tear (osteo- or degenerative),…
Meniscal Injuries
Abstract The menisci are increasingly appreciated for the integral role they play in structural stabilization, proprioception, and load transmission in the knee. Each meniscus varies slightly in anatomic structure, which…
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Abstract Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent complication and dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatments, stemming from damage to the peripheral nervous system as a result of neurotoxic agents….
Hammer Toe
Abstract Hammer toe deformity is the most common lesser toe condition that consists of lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joint extension, proximal interphalangeal joint flexion, and distal interphalangeal joint extension. They can…
Foot and Ankle Bursitis
Abstract Objective: To educate clinicians regarding foot and ankle bursitis. Methods: Discussion of terminology specific to this subject, physical examination, functional limitations, diagnostic studies, treatment options, potential disease complications, and…
