Musculoskeletal Key

1 Background Biceps femoris (BF) muscle injuries are common sports injuries that can affect both recreational and elite athletes [ ]. These injuries have gained considerable attention because of the…

1 Background The distal insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons forms a structure that resembles the goose’s foot. Therefore, this structure has been called “goose foot” (pes anserinus…

1 Background Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common cause of lateral knee pain in athletes. This syndrome was first described in 1975 as a condition affecting US Marine recruits,…

1 Background Microtraumatic quadriceps tendon injuries usually include conditions ranging from tendinosis to partial thickness tears to complete tendon rupture and less commonly recalcitrant tendinitis. These lesions are relatively uncommon…

1 Background Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common syndrome encountered in sports medicine. The symptoms are located in the distal extremity of the patella or in the proximal patellar tendon…

1 Background Patellofemoral pain (PFP) can be defined as retropatellar or peripatellar pain resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. It typically occurs with sport activity and…

1 Background Instability of the proximal tibiofibular joint (IPTFJ) is a relatively rare cause of knee pain. Patients with this condition typically have no history of trauma or injury. This…

1 Background In 1921, Sinding–Larsen and Johansson described a syndrome in adolescents that associated pain at the distal patella with fragmentation of the patellar pole on X-rays [ ]. At…

1 Background Osteochondrosis of the tibial tubercle was reported for the first time in the early 1900s. Two different physicians reported pain located in the tibial tubercle that occur during…

1 Background Bursae are located between surfaces exposed to friction and movement, often between different types of tissues like tendons and bones. Knee bursitis is a disorder related to an…