4 Shoulder-Spine Syndrome
Scott Wagner and Kelly G. Kilcoyne Summary Shoulder and cervical spine patients often have overlapping symptoms, presentations, and complaints. Spine and shoulder surgeons, and all providers seeing patients with cervical…
2 Complications in Shoulder Arthroscopy
Clayton Alexander and Uma Srikumaran Summary Arthroscopic shoulder surgery complications are considered rare occurrences. However, there have been reports in the literature of complication rates as high as 10.6%. It…
Secondary Prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Introduction Definition of Secondary Prevention Individuals within a vulnerable age group who have had an episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), or already have established rheumatic heart disease (RHD), are…
Complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Emergencies
Introduction The clinical course of both acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) may be complicated by acute life-threatening conditions. This chapter will focus on: (1) the clinical…
Awareness, Education, and Advocacy
Introduction Health-seeking behavior is a critical determinant of success for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) control programs. If people at risk of RHD do not seek care for group A streptococcal…
Group A StreptococcusVaccines
Introduction Although a reinvigorated global vaccine development effort gives legitimate reason for cautious optimism, it is a sad reality that in 2019 the best introduction to a discussion on vaccines…
Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Introduction Over the past decade, echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has emerged as a potentially transformative strategy for global RHD control. School-aged children from nearly every continent have…
Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Programs, Registers, and Access to Care
Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Programs Disease control is the “reduction in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, or mortality of an infectious disease to a locally acceptable level.” Efforts to control acute…
Primary Prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Primordial Prevention Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are predominantly diseases of social, environmental, and economic poverty. Primordial prevention, defined as improving socioeconomic and living conditions, and…
Rheumatic Heart Disease in Pregnancy
Introduction Heart disease is the highest indirect (nonobstetric) cause of mortality for pregnant women in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Valvular heart disease is an…
