Olecranon Stress Fracture
Olecranon stress fractures are a rare upper extremity fracture that primarily affects throwing athletes. The incidence of olecranon stress fractures are increasing owing to the number of patients playing and…
Distal Triceps Tendon Injuries
Distal triceps ruptures are uncommon, usually caused by a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow. Factors linked to injury include eccentric loading of a contracting triceps, anabolic…
The Lacertus Syndrome of the Elbow in Throwing Athletes
When more obvious and common causes of elbow pathology are ruled out, it is important to be aware of uncommon causes of elbow pain in throwers. The Lacertus syndrome can…
Orthobiologics in Elbow Injuries
Orthobiologics are exciting tools providing promising results for difficult orthopedic conditions. In the elbow there is high-level evidence for their use in lateral epicondylopathy and encouraging evidence for other elbow…
Injuries and Conditions Affecting the Elbow Flexor/Pronator Tendons
Common flexor-pronator tendon injuries and medial epicondylitis can be successfully treated nonoperatively in most cases. Operative treatment is reserved for patients with continued symptoms despite adequate nonoperative treatment or in…
Repair and InternalBrace Augmentation of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament
“For more than 4 decades, reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) using some type of autograft tissue has been the standard of care for UCL-injured athletes. This article reviews the…
Sprains, Strains, and Partial Tears of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow
Medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) insufficiency is becoming common in younger, nonprofessional athletes. In contrast to elite athletes who develop valgus extension overload syndrome and associated chronic pathologic changes in…
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Evaluation and Diagnostics
The overhead throwing motion subjects the elbow to a predictable pattern of forces, including medial tension, lateral compression, and posterior shear, that in turn result in a predictable pattern of…
Lateral Epicondylitis/Extensor Tendon Injury
Pain over the lateral aspect of the elbow without nerve injury or elbow instability often is diagnosed as lateral epicondylitis or, colloquially, tennis elbow. It is a common complaint, seen…
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries can significantly impair the overhead athlete. Reconstruction of the anterior bundle of the UCL (UCL-R) has allowed a high proportion of these individuals to return…
