Arthropoda
Arthropoda Tara D. Miller Moise L. Levy Arthropods are a large and varied group of invertebrate animals with chitinous exoskeletons, jointed appendages, and segmented bodies. They are classified further as…
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis Mark W. Kline Schistosomiasis is a disease of the circulatory system caused principally by three species of trematodes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. Some 200 to 300…
The Cestodes
The Cestodes Thomas Cherian Human cestode infections may be caused either by the adult tapeworms residing in the intestinal lumen or by the larval forms that infect the tissues. Intestinal…
Toxocara Infections
Toxocara Infections B. Keith English Human infection with the larval stage of the common dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, is the principal cause of two distinct clinical syndromes: visceral larva migrans…
The Nematodes
The Nematodes Thomas Cherian The phylum Nematoda constitutes one of the six classes included in the phylum Aschelminthes. It is the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom, comprising an…
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis Ruth Lynfield Folashade Ogunmodede Nicholas G. Guerina Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found in many animal species throughout the world. Nicolle and Manceaux observed the parasites…
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis Murray Wittner Herbert B. Tanowitz The leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases caused by obligate intracellular protozoans or hemoflagellates of the genus Leishmania. The diseases affect the viscera, skin, and/or mucous…
Giardia Lamblia
Giardia Lamblia William J. Klish Giardia lamblia holds the distinction of being the first protozoan parasite to be recognized. It was described in a letter by van Leeuwenhoek of Delft,…
Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidiosis Walter T. Hughes Cryptosporidiosis is a common enteric infection of humans and animals that is caused by the coccidian protozoan Cryptosporidium. The first human case was described in 1976….
