Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis Robert J. Leggiadro INTRODUCTION Histoplasmosis, caused by the dimorphic soil fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is the most common pulmonary and systemic mycosis in humans. Normal as well as immunocompromised hosts…
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcosis Stephanie H. Stovall Steven C. Buckingham Cryptococcosis is a mycosis that predominantly affects the lung, central nervous system (CNS), skin, and bone. Nineteen species of the genus Cryptococcus have…
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis Ziad M. Shehab EPIDEMIOLOGY Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides immitis. Usually, the primary pulmonary infection is self-limited, but disseminated and even fatal disease can…
Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis Walter T. Hughes Aspergillosis is caused by a monomorphic mold and may occur in several diverse disease forms. The clinical features depend on whether the infection results in colonization…
The Dermatophytoses
The Dermatophytoses Bernhard L. Wiedermann Dermatophytosis refers to colonization of the skin with members of the dermatophytic fungi of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Clinical disease may appear as…
Candidiasis
Candidiasis Walter T. Hughes Candidiasis is the opportunistic fungal infection encountered most frequently in infants and children. The spectrum of the disease extends from benign thrush to life-threatening disseminated (systemic)…
Viral Gastroenteritis
Viral Gastroenteritis Angela J. Peck Joseph S. Bresee Viral gastroenteritis is a major cause of pediatric morbidity worldwide, and in developing countries, it is a leading cause of mortality. The…
Retroviruses
Retroviruses Mark W. Kline Ralph D. Feigin The known human retroviruses include human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 (formerly HTLV-III)…
Polyomaviruses
Polyomaviruses John A. Vanchiere Gail J. Demmler Polyomaviruses are small DNA viruses that infect most humans, persist for life, and rarely cause disease. In patients who are severely immunosuppressed, however,…
