Lumbar Disc Herniations
CHAPTER 46 Lumbar Disc Herniations Christopher M. Bono, MD, Andrew Schoenfeld, MD, Steven R. Garfin, MD Lumbar disc herniations are a common manifestation of degenerative disease.1–3 They tend to occur…
Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Injuries
CHAPTER 78 Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Injuries Seth K. Williams, MD The treatment goals for patients with thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar spinal injuries are to maintain or restore spinal alignment…
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
CHAPTER 42 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Motoki Iwasaki, MD, DMSc, Kazuo Yonenobu, MD, DMSc History Despite reports of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) by Key in…
Spinal Disorders Associated with Skeletal Dysplasias and Metabolic Diseases
CHAPTER 32 Spinal Disorders Associated with Skeletal Dysplasias and Metabolic Diseases Vernon T. Tolo, MD Spinal disorders associated with skeletal dysplasias and metabolic diseases may be called orthopaedic trivia by…
Biomechanics of the Spinal Motion Segment
CHAPTER 7 Biomechanics of the Spinal Motion Segment William S. Marras, PhD In biomechanics, information from the biologic sciences and engineering mechanics is integrated for the purpose of analyzing and…
Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord
CHAPTER 91 Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord John E. O’Toole, MD, Paul C. McCormick, MD, MPH Vascular lesions of the spinal cord are a rare cause of neurologic dysfunction,…
Adult Scoliosis
CHAPTER 73 Adult Scoliosis Sigurd Berven, MD Adult scoliosis encompasses a broad spectrum of deformity in the mature spine. It can result from scoliosis in childhood or arise de novo…
Injuries of the Lower Cervical Spine
CHAPTER 77 Injuries of the Lower Cervical Spine Paul A. Anderson, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD Cervical spine injuries occur in 3% to 4% of all trauma patients.1 Spinal…
Thoracolumbar Instrumentation: Anterior and Posterior
CHAPTER 71 Thoracolumbar Instrumentation Anterior and Posterior Douglas G. Orndorff, MD, Thomas A. Zdeblick, MD The spinal column functions mechanically to support the load of the body, allow controlled motion,…
Revision Spine Surgery
CHAPTER 99 Revision Spine Surgery Michael J. Vives, MD, Steven R. Garfin, MD “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results” — Albert Einstein The…
