Context What does the shoulder have to do? Anchor point Foot Hip Trunk Release point/action point Above shoulder Align with shoulder Below shoulder Unilateral Bilateral Transverse rotation No Symmetrical Asymmetrical…
Fig. 4.1 Illustration of typical observation of scapular dyskinesis The clinical presentation of scapular winging can have multiple causes include neurologically based scapular winging, scapular muscle detachment, snapping scapula, and…
Components Direction of stability Acromioclavicular ligament (Superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior components). Superior ligament is strongest, followed by posterior Horizontal stability Coracoclavicular ligaments Trapezoid and conoid ligaments Vertical stability…
Fig. 2.1 Type II SLAP lesion. (Left) MR arthrography; (Right) arthroscopic view. B biceps tendon, G glenoid, H humeral head, L superior labrum Type II SLAP lesions cause shoulder instability…
Fig. 11.1 AP radiograph of the left shoulder demonstrating osteoarthritis with joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and humeral osteophyte formation 11.3.2.2 MRI and CT The chondral surfaces in the glenohumeral…
Fig. 9.1 Sternoclavicular joint Table 9.1 Stabilisers of the SCJ Static stabilisers Dynamic stabilisers Capsule Intrinsic stabilisers Intra-articular disc ligament Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Extrinsic stabilizers Interclavicular Costoclavicular…
Fig. 1.1 Bony geometry of the scapula and glenoid (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk) The glenoid is a shallow socket that holds humeral head; its mean depth is 2.5 mm…
Fig. 12.1 Pectoralis major anatomy: cadaveric dissection Pectoralis major is a powerful adductor and internal rotator of the arm with some additional contribution to forward flexion [4, 7]. For the…
Fig. 3.1 Common mechanisms of shoulder injury in rugby (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk) 3.3 Clinical Evaluation 3.3.1 History/Presentations A thorough investigation of relevant history and physical examination are essential…
Fig. 5.1 The six phases of the throwing motion. Phase 1 is the wind-up phase. Phase 2 is the early cocking phase, ending with planting of the striding foot. Phase…
