Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 2.1 Type II SLAP lesion. (Left) MR arthrography; (Right) arthroscopic view. B biceps tendon, G glenoid, H humeral head, L superior labrum Type II SLAP lesions cause shoulder instability…

Fig. 11.1 AP radiograph of the left shoulder demonstrating osteoarthritis with joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and humeral osteophyte formation 11.3.2.2 MRI and CT The chondral surfaces in the glenohumeral…

Fig. 9.1 Sternoclavicular joint Table 9.1 Stabilisers of the SCJ Static stabilisers Dynamic stabilisers Capsule Intrinsic stabilisers  Intra-articular disc ligament  Anterior sternoclavicular ligament  Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Extrinsic stabilizers  Interclavicular  Costoclavicular…

Fig. 1.1 Bony geometry of the scapula and glenoid (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://​www.​shoulderdoc.​co.​uk) The glenoid is a shallow socket that holds humeral head; its mean depth is 2.5 mm…

Fig. 12.1 Pectoralis major anatomy: cadaveric dissection Pectoralis major is a powerful adductor and internal rotator of the arm with some additional contribution to forward flexion [4, 7]. For the…

Fig. 10.1 Robinson classification of clavicle fractures The Robinson Classification system further has been used to identify risk factors for non-union ([10], Fig. 10.2). Age, sex, degree of displacement and…

Fig. 3.1 Common mechanisms of shoulder injury in rugby (courtesy of Lennard Funk, http://​www.​shoulderdoc.​co.​uk) 3.3 Clinical Evaluation 3.3.1 History/Presentations A thorough investigation of relevant history and physical examination are essential…

Fig. 5.1 The six phases of the throwing motion. Phase 1 is the wind-up phase. Phase 2 is the early cocking phase, ending with planting of the striding foot. Phase…

Fig. 7.1 (a) A large humeral head defect (Hill–Sachs lesion) is shown (G glenoid, H humeral defect). (b) A significant glenoid defect that resembles an “inverted-pear” glenoid is shown (G…