Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 1 Concentric lamellae of collagen surrounding the nucleus with fibres running at 65° to the horizontal Fig. 2 Structure of the disc and the vertebral end-plate The nucleus pulposus…

Fig. 1 XRays in standing, sitting and supine position; measurements of pelvic parameters and lumbar lordosis Patients and Methods We included healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years, non-lumbalgic, with no history of…

Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of a right-side view of a lumbar vertebra showing the position of the pedicle (P) between the vertebral body in front (1) and posterior arch. The…

Fig. 1 (1) Active retroversion of the pelvis will help straighten the spine, but it is limited by the extension of the hip. This limit is represented by the tension…

Fig. 1 Expression of the chairy1 gene in the presomitic mesoderm For example, expression of CHAIRY1 spreads along the presomitic mesoderm during the formation of each somite [4]. DeltaNotch is…

Fig. 1 Man in motion. The line going by inner ear and eye shows the “semi-circular canals” plane which must stay perpendicular to the gravity line during motion Such a…

Fig. 1 CT-scan lateral and axial views L4–L5. Measurement of the surfaces of Multifidus and the three posterior muscles (M + L + IC) with horizontal cross-section Table 1 True levels   Normal lumbar…

Fig. 1 Intervertebral disc innervation (axial plane). 1. Anterior longitudinal ligament. 2. Intervertebral disc. 3. Posterior longitudinal ligament. 4. Dura mater. NSV sinu-vertebral nerve, VR ventral root, DR dorsal root,…

Fig. 1 Simplified diagram of the vertebral system: 1. Environment, 2. Inside the body. I inputs, O outputs, SS sensory sensors, IC intrinsic control, MC medullary control, BC brain control,…

and O. Gille2 (1) Orthopedic Medicine, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France (2) Spinal Unit, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France   KeywordsAnatomySpineMuscleFunctionLow back painCamptocormia Introduction The final decades of the twentieth century have seen…