Fig. 1.1 Microarray SNP genotyping and copy number analysis. a Individual SNP genotypes are determined by the fluorescent color emitted when allele-specific probes (shown in black) are hybridized to the…
Fig. 5.1 Patient with idiopathic scoliosis. Curvature of the spine to the right with should imbalance is evident in the picture on the left. Standing postero-anterior spinal radiograph reveals severe…
Gene OMIM number Autosomal dominant Larsen syndrome FLNB 150250 Ehlers Danlos syndromes, arthrochalasia type COL1A1, COL1A2 130060 Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity- type 2 KIF22 603546 Autosomal recessive…
Fig. 6.1 Dorsal and plantar views of clubfoot Treatment The two most common nonsurgical approaches in current use are the Ponseti and Montpellier (French or functional) methods, which both promote…
Fig. 3.1 Normal meniscus The menisci enhance the stability of the knee joint by deepening and hence increasing the contact area between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau. They…
Fig. 2.1 First page of search results from google.com.au using the terms “treatments for knee osteoarthritis” To address the volume of potentially misleading information available to both clinicians and patients,…
1 Knee pain for most days of previous month 2 Osteophytes at joint margins on radiographs 3 Synovial fluid typical of osteoarthritis (laboratory) 4 Age ≥40 years 5 Crepitus on…
Fig. 8.1 Age distribution of all knee procedures (N = 27,158) in the United States in 2013. The mean age (66.7 years) reflects the decreasing age at which knee procedures are being…
Fig. 6.1 HTO – medial opening wedge Currently HTO is undergoing a revival, particularly in younger more active patients, due to the desire to preserve the native knee, bone stock,…
Fig. 5.1 Arthroscopic image of microfracture Microfracture is a technique introduced by Steadman et al., which involves the accurate debridement of all unstable and damaged articular cartilage, down to the…
