Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 17.1 Diagram of experiment field The subjects used their right leg as a pivot for both the 45° and 90° turn, both of which were to the left Each…

Fig. 8.1 A comprehensive model for injury causation (Bahr R, Krosshaug T (2005) Understanding the injury mechanisms – a key component to prevent injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med…

Fig. 31.1 Generational characteristics of LBP The pathomechanisms of LBP vary according to age. Sports-related stress on immature spinal vertebrae during the growth phase can cause end-plate disorders, and stress…

Fig. 29.1 Arrangement of markers for the point cluster technique. Twenty-five reflective markers were secured to the left lower extremity of each subject (This is the Author’s Accepted Manuscript of…

(1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan   Abstract Low back disorders may have a serious effect on an athlete’s performance. In previous…

All patients Age (years) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Postoperative time (months) Sports All subjects 20.5 ± 1.2 165.3 ± 8.6 63.8 ± 11.3 10.0 ± 1.6 – Males 20.8 ± 1.1 170.9 ± 6.0 71.6 ± 6.0 9.8 ± 1.3 Soccer, rugby, lacrosse, handball Females 20.1 ± 1.3…

Fig. 25.1 (a) Mean hip flexion and knee flexion angles during sprinting. (b) Typical example of normalized EMGs for the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during…

Fig. 28.1 The definition of the foot coordination system. The origin is located on the calcaneus and is at the upper edge of the posterior surface. The calcaneus and the…

Fig. 19.1 Court position where the injury occurred in a left-handed player who converted to right-handed play. Red circles show the injury during the single-leg-landing and yellow triangles show that…

Fig. 11.1 Gender differences in posture during shuttle run cutting; (a) male and (b) female. Female athletes show a smaller knee flexion angle, smaller forward trunk angles, and greater lateral…