Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 2.1 Types of variables Continuous variables can exhibit infinite values between the minimum and maximum. For example, WOMAC can take any score from 0 to 2400 mm as in…

Test Exam maneuver Positive test Neer test Tester forcibly flexes the sitting patient’s internally rotated arm, while inhibiting scapular movement by pressing down on the clavicle and acromion with the…

Clinical patterns Important clinical features Prevalence Asymmetric oligoarthritis ≤4 joints involved Asymmetric in distribution Most common ~20–55% [5] Symmetric polyarthritis ≥5 joints involved Symmetric in distribution Similar to rheumatoid arthritis…

Fig. 18.1 Avascular necrosis of the left hip in a patient with sickle cell disease (Reprinted with permission from Springer [2]) Acromegaly is characterized by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) and…

Fig. 10.1 A model of potential contribution of different factors in SS pathogenesis Table 10.1 Association of non-MHC class genes with SS susceptibility according to distinct pathogenetic pathways   Type I…

2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA Joint involvement 1 medium/large joint 2–10 medium joints 1–3 small joints 4–10 small joints >10 joints 0–5 points 0 1 2 3 5 Serology…

Pathogenetic concept Consequences Autoimmunity Mucosal initiation Self-protein modifications Ag presentation by the SE Ab production Citrullination of self-proteins in the lung generates neoepitopes, which are presented by the shared epitope…