Rock and Ice-Climbing Medicine
Fig. 10.1 Sport climbing 10.2.1.2 Bouldering Bouldering consists of ropeless climbing involving a short sequence of powerful and technical moves to complete the graded route on large rocks. Bouldering can…
Skateboarding Injuries
Fig. 14.1 The side of a skateboard with the deck, truck, and wheels (Photo taken with permission at Railside Skateshop, Frankfurt/Main, Germany) Between the baseplate and the hanger are the…
Employment of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess the Physiological Determinants of Hiking Performance in Single-Handed Dinghy Sailors
Fig. 29.1 Top: on-water hiking on a laser dinghy boat. Bottom: simulated hiking on a laser bench (simulator) in the laboratory What makes dinghy hiking a different form of physical…
Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding: Current Trends and Future Directions
Figs. 11.1 Snowboarding jump (Photo by Jack Antal) 11.3 Skiing Injuries The mechanics of skiing involve a separate ski attached to each leg with a binding designed to release in…
Visual Performance in Extreme Sports
Fig. 33.1 Orbital anatomy The ocular surface is protected by the tear film and the eyelids. Tears are a triphasic matrix, produced by cells in the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and…
Extreme Mountain Biking Injuries
Fig. 12.1 Extreme mountain biking can be performed at incredible places, especially in mountainous areas (Photo courtesy of Manfred Stromberger) The idea of practicing mountain biking during the summer season…
Medical Support for Expedition-Length Adventure Races
Fig. 7.1 “Self-foot care station” in an expedition-length adventure race Fig. 7.2 The author examines a participant during the Primal Quest Expedition Length Adventure Race Many of the critical details…
Whole-Body Vibration in Extreme Sports
Dominant axis a w [m/s2] MTVV z [m/s2] MTVV/a w VDV z [m/s1.75] Kitesurf Z 5.5 25 4.5 65 (1 h) Alpine ski Z 8.9 100 11 95 (2…
An Ecological Dynamics Framework for the Acquisition of Perceptual–Motor Skills in Climbing
Category of constraint Specific Application (scaling) Task Instruction Required climbing speed, technique/behaviour, attentional foci, feedback Safety demands Lead climbing (securing ascent with existing/temporary bolts), top roping, seconding (removing bolts), multi-pitch,…
Physiology and Risk Management of Cold Exposure
where S = rate of body heat storage M = rate of metabolic energy (heat) production W = external mechanical force production (concentric, eccentric, isometric in isolation or combination) R + C = rate of radiant and convective energy exchanges…
