Fig. 20.1 Treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) Treatment Approach Indications for Drug Therapy Severe RP that is impacting quality of life despite non-pharmacologic therapy. Raynaud’s events with signs of ischemia–reperfusion…
Fig. 15.1 Illustration demonstrating principle of autoantibody identification by indirect immunofluorescence Fig. 15.2 Examples of IIF staining patterns that can be found in patients with RP secondary to autoimmune rheumatic…
Fig. 1.1 The cover page of Raynaud’s 1862 original medical thesis Pathogenetic Mechanisms Investigations into the pathogenesis of RP have been a long path lasting more than 150 years. Just…
Fig. 2.1 Note the demarcated pale coloration of the fingers typical of the pallor phase of Raynaud’s phenomenon Fig. 2.2 Fingers showing the cyanotic phase of Raynaud’s phenomenon in a…
Exposure Prevalence (%) Additional information References Vibration Pneumatic drillers, knives, hammers, rock breakers, grinders, chippers 30.2–45 Commonly used in quarries, by stone cutters [72–77] Halving the years of exposure allows…
First author, year, country Study funding source Treatment group Control group Core inclusion criteria Number of patients randomized/analyzed Mean age (years) Females (%) Primary outcomes Key secondary outcomes Behavioral approaches…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Fredrick M. Wigley, Ariane L. Herrick and Nicholas A. Flavahan (eds.)Raynaud’s Phenomenon10.1007/978-1-4939-1526-2_18 18. Design and Reporting of Randomised Controlled Trials for Raynaud’s Phenomenon Jack Wilkinson1 (1) Research and Development, Salford Royal…
Vasospasm in Systemic Sclerosis outside of peripheral circulation Cardiac Renal Pulmonary Pregnancy/placenta Central nervous system Penile Systemic vasospasm Migraine Coronary syndrome X Variant angina Preeclampsia Systemic Vasospasm in Systemic Sclerosis…
Fig. 7.1 Vasculitis lesions on hands/toes: A 12-year-old girl presented with rash on her hands, feet, and ear lobes associated with recent-onset cold extremities and biphasic color change. She had…
Country Mean temperatures Population studied Ascertainment and definition Number of people Prevalence of RP UK, 1990 [5] ND 2 groups >15 years of age: patients attending 1 of 5 GPs…
