Interlocking
Fig. 4.1 Sequence of locking/‘backslap technique’. Backslap technique for avoiding fragment diastasis. (a) Schematic drawing of a midshaft fracture with a bending wedge. (b) Friction between the nail and the…
History of Intramedullary Nailing
Fig. 1.1 A case from Bircher [4], the ivory peg was removed and the fracture went on to union During the turn of the century, as Europeans explored the tropics,…
Intramedullary Nailing of the Clavicle
Displacement of the two main fragments of more than shaft diameter Comminution Clavicle shortening of more than 1.5 cm compared to uninjured side Angulation of more than 30° Open fractures…
Hindfoot Arthrodesis
Fig. 28.1 Preoperative (a anteroposterior and b lateral) and postoperative (c anteroposterior and d lateral) radiographs in a patient with hindfoot arthritis and stress fracture of the fibula secondary to…
Complications of Intramedullary Nailing
Fig. 8.1 Example of intramedullary nail fixation in a proximal tibia fracture with severe primary valgus deformity and distraction in the fracture site An accurately placed entry point for any…
Soft Tissue Management and Postoperative Care
Fig. 7.1 (a) Midshaft transverse fracture of the tibia (AO/OTA type 42-A3) after a soccer accident in an 18 year old male. Radiograph ad admission. (b, c) Intramedullary nailing with…
Metal Removal
Fig. 9.1 Proximal nail protrusion after antegrade nailing of a spiral humeral shaft fracture. Due to impingement and erosion of the acromion, there is a clear indication for nail removal…
Mini-open Surgery for Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis (Tendinosis)
Phase I Mild pain after exercise activity, resolves within 24 h Phase II Pain after exercise activity, exceeds 48 h, resolves with warm-up Phase III Pain with exercise activity that does not…
Denervation of the Humeral Epicondyles
Fig. 13.1 Right forearm and elbow of man who had four previous surgical attempts to treat his “tennis elbow” pain. a Outline of the path of the posterior cutaneous nerve…
Role of Therapy and Rehabilitation
Stage 1 Characterized by peritendinous inflammation and crepitus may be palpable over the common extensor origin Stage 2 Inflammatory response ends, as angiofibrotic changes beginning to occur, leading to degradation…
