Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 34.1 Based on bone mineral density (BMD), a majority of women with fractures do not have osteoporosis (WHO) (Adjusted after: Siris et al. [34]) The ageing process is associated…

Fig. 9.1 Scheme of the dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in an 84-year-old woman; (1) beginning of dissection, (2) end of dissection Figure 9.2 shows histotopography (photo…

Fig. 1.1 Ulnar drift of hands in an EORA female patient, with associated tendovaginitis of extensors, interosseous muscle atrophy and rheumatoid nodules (Courtesy of Professor J. Vencovský, MD, DSc) Fig….

Fig. 27.1 Degenerative spinal canal stenosis Arthritic changes often result in a different movement pattern than other spinal disorders. Movement is limited primarily in back and side bending, when articular…

The value PMR-AS < 7 indicates a low disease activity, PMR-SA of 7–17 a medium and PMR-AS > 17 a high PMR activity [77]. Unlike PMR treatment, GCA therapy begins…

CD forms Classic Silent Latent Potential Subclinical Symptoms + (+RA)/− − Often – Atypical Biopsy + + ↑IEL ↑IEL/− + Serology + + + ± + +RA positive family history,…

Fig. 19.1 Pigmented patches in the sclera typical of alkaptonuric ochronosis The diagnosis of alkaptonuria is based on the characteristic findings in urine. Alkaptonuria patients do not seek medical help…

Fig. 20.1 Case study 1. Bone densitometry demonstrates skeletal demineralization with L-spine BMD value of 0.910 g/cm2 and T-score −2.4, femoral neck BMD value of 0.819 g/cm2 and T-score −0.8,…

Fig. 26.1 Cutaneous radiation of pain during irritation of individual structures. (a) Radiation of pain during irritation of intervertebral discs (Modified after Cloward); (b) radiation of pain during irritation of…

Fig. 17.1 Polyarticular tophaceous gout. (a) Palmar view. (b) Dorsal view Frequency of polyarticular involvement in the elderly is probably the result of multiple factors. Chronic hyperuricemia may be induced…