Fig. 14.1 Autonomic cardiovascular control. The cerebral cortex and hypothalamus project to the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, where autonomic cardiovascular control is coordinated and integrated with input from baroreceptors,…
Fig. 17.1 Number of patients in Germany in need of ventilation at the time of hospital discharge 17.2 Epidemiology of Ventilated Patients In a registry of all German-speaking countries, data…
Fig. 15.1 (a) Innervation and neural control of the LUT during the storage phase (Abbreviations: N. nerve, PAG periaqueductal gray, symp. sympathetic, L. lumbar, S sacral, −β 3 beta3-adrenoreceptor inhibition,…
Fig. 21.1 Axonal degeneration, regeneration, and sprouting after spinal cord injury. (a) Injured non-regenerating axons display dystrophic retraction bulbs and Wallerian degeneration of the distal axon segment. Axon regeneration can…
Fig. 5.1 Vascularization of the spinal cord: The main blood supply for the lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cord is derived from the Adamkiewicz artery feeding into the anterior spinal…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_25 25. Translation: Relevance of Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models Seth Tigchelaar1 and Brian K. Kwon2 (1) International Collaboration on Repair…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_20 20. The Current Status of Neuroprotection for Spinal Cord Injury Andrea J. Santamaria1 and James D. Guest2 (1) The Miami Project…
Stage Description Stage 1 Non–blanchable erythema of intact skin Intact skin with a localized area of non-blanchable erythema, which may appear differently in darkly pigmented skin. Presence of blanchable erythema…
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Nociceptive pain Musculoskeletal pain For example Articular trouble/joint pain Fracture-associated pain Spasm-related muscle pain Back pain/lumbago Pain related to heterotopic ossification Visceral pain For…
Country Year Prevalence (cases/million population) USA [6] 2013 906 Canada [7] 2010 1298 Norway [8] 2002 365 Finland [9] 1999 280 Australia [10] 1997 681 Germany [11] 2015 500 France…
