Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 10.1 Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays of valgus knee demonstrating the biplanar (frontal and sagittal) bone wear of the lateral tibial plateau (red dotted lines) with distraction of the medial…

Fig. 5.1 Resection of medial femoral osteophytes that placed the MCL under tension. Medial dissection of the tibia is minimized because only osteophytes need to be resected 5.3 Preparation of…

Fig. 8.1 A right femur (left) and kinematically aligned TKA (right) shows the relationships between the three kinematic axes of the knee and the joint lines of the distal and…

Fig. 12.1 Deep knee flexion activities including kneeling, squatting, and sitting cross-legged are considered crucial to people in this region (a) His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and…

(1) Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium   3.1 Introduction ‘Kinematics’ is a term often used in orthopaedics, unfortunately not always in the correct sense of the word. The term ‘kinematics’ is…

Fig. 13.1 Offset-type tensor. The tensor consists of three parts: upper seesaw plate, lower platform plate, and extra-articular main body. Two plates are connected to the extra-articular main body by…

Fig. 14.1 Limb is held by the foot and elevated. There is a 1° flexion contracture with optimal alignment. Note the limb appears fully extended Figs. 14.2 and 14.3 Surgeon…

Fig. 9.1 Sacrificing the posterior cruciate ligament in a PS total knee replacement 9.3 Step 2: Osteophytes The presence of osteophytes on the medial aspect of the tibial plateau and…

Fig. 16.1 Offset-type sensor used in total knee arthroplasty, which enables soft-tissue balance assessment. Left; Fuzion (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA), Right; Attune (Depuy Synthes, Warsaw, USA) Despite advanced accuracy in bony…

Fig. 6.1 If the knee joint is well tensioned in flexion, anterior and posterior femoral resections are made by using an AP cutting block Fig. 6.2 Spacer blocks can be…