Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 27.1 Change of tibial position relative to femur with an increase in the initial graft tension. The initial position of the tibia without graft tension is illustrated by the…

Fig. 13.1 (a) Subtotal rupture of the anteromedial ACL bundle, disrupted fibers continuous with distal insertion (black arrow). (b) Ecchymosis of the posterolateral ACL bundle Fig. 13.2 Arthroscopic repair of…

Fig. 9.1 Schematic of innervation of the periarticular region and joint capsule of the knee [Refs. formerly 11, 12] These areas of incision, dissection, and osseous manipulation suggest that in…

Fig. 14.1 Double-stacked vertical divergent suture repair of single longitudinal meniscal tear [30]. (a) The first pass of the suture is placed into the peripheral portion of the tear. (b)…

Medial meniscus and ACL Osteoarthritis (%) Medial meniscectomy/ACL-deficient knee nonreconstructed [18] 100 Medial meniscectomy/ACL reconstruction [15, 17, 19] 24–45 Medial meniscectomy/ACL intact [20] 16 Intact medial meniscus/ACL reconstruction [15, 17,…

Fig. 1.1 Level 4: throwing ball with partner on wobble board—correct knee position on wobble board. Throw a ball back and forth with a partner while each of you stands…

Fig. 26.1 Interactions of ACL fixation devices and graft healing There are three distinct phases of graft healing in ACLR, including cell repopulation to the graft, proliferation phase, and remodeling…

Fig. 37.1 Photograph of a typical right knee after complete dissection of the ALL, popliteus tendon, popliteo-fibular ligament, and lateral collateral ligament (Reused with permission from Claes et al. [8])…

Fig. 19.1 Anatomy of the ACL. (a) Anterior view of the knee. Both bundles are shown (AM anteromedial, PL posterolateral, PCL posterior cruciate ligament). (b, c) ACL femoral (b) and…

Fig. 29.1 (a) Partial rupture of the posterolateral (PL) bundle (white arrow). The anteromedial (AM) bundle (black arrow) of the ACL was well preserved although the remaining AM bundle is…