Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle as a Secretory Organ
Fig. 9.1 Skeletal muscle is a secreted organ. Several proteins and low molecular weight peptides are secreted by muscle cells. These secreted factors can regulate muscle itself in addition to…
Stem Cell Therapy in Muscle Degeneration
Cell type Source Anatomic localisation Molecular markers Myogenic differentiation Model Systemic delivery References SCs (myoblasts) Skeletal muscle Between basal lamina and sarcolemma of muscle fibres Pax7, MyoD, M-cadherin, CD56, desmin…
Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle Growth and Decay
Fig. 5.1 Humoral mediators and associated pathways drive anabolic and catabolic responses in the skeletal muscle (Costamagna et al. [40]) 5.3 Muscle Injury and Immune Cells Even though molecular regulation…
A 20-Year-Old Woman
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 20-year-old female university student presented complaining of right knee instability. She had had two…
A 73-Year-Old Woman
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A lady aged 73 years old was sent for a second opinion 2 years after…
A 21-Year-Old Man
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 21-year-old man presented to the clinic with long-standing problems with both knees. From the…
A 24-Year-Old Man
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 24-year-old painter and decorator complained of problems with his right knee. He first had…
A 13-Year-Old Boy
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 13-year-old boy presents to the clinic with gradual onset of left anterior knee pain,…
A 54-Year-Old Man
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 54-year-old man was sent for a second opinion having presented 5 weeks previously complaining…
A 17-Year-Old Boy
and Iain McNamara1 (1) Trauma & Orthopaedics, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom A 17-year-old boy presented with a long-standing history of problems with both legs culminating in…
