Musculoskeletal Key

Lesion type Frequency* Cause Reference Femoral avulsion 1/48 – [8] 1/16 Osteopenic patient [3] Mid-substance 24/48 – [8] 1/8 Transection with saw during tibial cut [9] 7/7 Unknown, possibly due…

Author Year of publication Type of implant Preoperative knee alignment Method of stress Degree of knee flexion Stress direction Angles between the femoral and tibial components (degrees) Intraoperative 3 weeks…

Fig. 8.1 A right femur (left) and kinematically aligned TKA (right) shows the relationships between the three kinematic axes of the knee and the joint lines of the distal and…

Fig. 12.1 Deep knee flexion activities including kneeling, squatting, and sitting cross-legged are considered crucial to people in this region (a) His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and…

(1) Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium   3.1 Introduction ‘Kinematics’ is a term often used in orthopaedics, unfortunately not always in the correct sense of the word. The term ‘kinematics’ is…

Fig. 20.1 Blood supply to the extensor mechanism (From Pawar et al. [6]. With kind permission from Springer Science and Business Media.) Superior lateral genicular artery, inferior lateral genicular artery,…

Fig. 5.1 Resection of medial femoral osteophytes that placed the MCL under tension. Medial dissection of the tibia is minimized because only osteophytes need to be resected 5.3 Preparation of…

Fig. 13.1 Offset-type tensor. The tensor consists of three parts: upper seesaw plate, lower platform plate, and extra-articular main body. Two plates are connected to the extra-articular main body by…

Fig. 6.1 If the knee joint is well tensioned in flexion, anterior and posterior femoral resections are made by using an AP cutting block Fig. 6.2 Spacer blocks can be…

Fig. 14.1 Limb is held by the foot and elevated. There is a 1° flexion contracture with optimal alignment. Note the limb appears fully extended Figs. 14.2 and 14.3 Surgeon…