Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 12.1 Accepted metabolic effects of AMPK in skeletal muscle. AMPK is activated by several metabolic stresses such as energy depletion, myokines, adipokines, oxidative stress, and Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic…

Author, year Journal, volume, pages Manner of analysis Results Species Andrianjafiniony etal. [41] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299: C307–C315 Western blot Beclin-1 protein ⇔ Mouse Liu et al. [42]…

Fig. 6.1 Overview on the synthesis of the large (60S) and small (40S) subunits of the ribosome. RPs ribosomal proteins Ribosome biogenesis is intimately linked to cell growth and proliferation…

Fig. 1.1 Methods for derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from samples coming from anonymous donations of processes such as in vitro fertilization or the injection of sperm into…

Fig. 11.1 ROS regulation of transcription factors and expression of proteins involved in promoting the reduction of fiber size due to disuse. Based on published findings, we propose a list…

Fig. 7.1 Number of PubMed entries for sarcopenia and cachexia as respective search words (Assessed on 1 February 2016 from www.​pubmed.​gov) To date, pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of sarcopenia…

Fig. 8.1 Transcriptional and translational control of skeletal muscle PGC-1α. Exercise is a potent regulator of PGC-1α in muscle. Increases in calcium concentration (Ca2+) activate the p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase…

Fig. 2.1 Schematic diagram of the 26S proteasome. The 26S proteasome consists of the 20S core particle (CP) and the 19S regulatory particle (RP). The CP is made up of…