Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis
Fig. 30.1 The scleroderma patterns in systemic sclerosis are characterised by progressive loss of capillaries. In an early pattern, there is a prevalence of giant capillaries without loss of capillaries….
Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Fig. 22.1 Cytolytic pathway proteins mutated in MAS. A diagram of the immunologic synapse between a cytolytic (to the left) lymphocyte and an APC (to the right) is portrayed. Proteins…
Childhood Polyarteritis Nodosa
Fig. 37.1 Arrows showing multiple aneurysms in the medium-sized renal arteries. Upper arrow shows narrowing of a segment of the splenic artery Introduction Diagnosis of primary vasculitides in childhood is…
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Fig. 27.1 Heliotrope rash, periorbital puffiness and malar rash in a patient with dermatomyositis Fig. 27.2 Gottron’s papules on (a): fingers and (b): knees Skeletal muscle weakness is typically proximal…
Pediatric and Neonatal Lupus
Malar rash It is a macular papular rash in the malar area and usually spares the nasolabial folds. This rash tends to be photosensitive and heals without scaring Alopecia It…
Approach to a Child with a Limp
Fig. 15.1 MRI of the right hip shows an osteoid osteoma at the upper metaphyseal end of the right femur This case illustrates several learning points: (a) Many cases of…
Uveitis in Children
Fig. 49.1 Cross section of eye showing areas affected in anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis and potential complications (in brackets) (Permission obtained from Wiley © Hughes and Dick [4]) In…
Human Joint Anatomy and Physiology
Functional Synarthrosis Immobile or nearly immobile joints (sutures, manubriosternal joints) Amphiarthrosis Limited mobility joints (symphysis pubis, intervertebral joints) Arthrosis Freely movable joints (shoulder, knee) Structural Fibrous joints Adjacent bones are…
Metabolic Bone Disease and Osteoporosis in Children
Anorexia nervosa/female athlete triad Asthma Chondrodysplasias Chronic liver and kidney disease Cushing syndrome Cystic fibrosis Diabetes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Endocrine disorders Extensive burns Gastrointestinal disorders Gaucher disease Hypophosphatasia Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis…
Pediatric Takayasu Arteritis
Criterion Definition Age at disease onset less than 40 years Development of symptoms or findings related to Takayasu arteritis at age <40 years Claudication of limbs Development and worsening of…
