Fig. 23.1 Chest X-ray of patient S in case vignette 2 showing bilateral nonhomogenous opacities (arrows) Rheumatological disorders rarely present to emergency. Systemic JIA and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are…
Mixed connective tissue disorder Clinical signs of at least two of the following diseases: 1. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 2. Systemic lupus erythematosus 3. Juvenile dermatomyositis 4. Systemic scleroderma Positive serological findings 1. High titer of…
Arthritis and enthesitis Or Arthritis and enthesitis, or arthritis or enthesitis with at least two of the following Presence of or a history of sacroiliac joint tenderness and/or inflammatory lumbosacral…
Life-threatening conditions Malignancy (leukaemia, lymphoma, bone tumour) Sepsis (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis) Non-accidental injury Joint pain with minimal or no swelling Hypermobility syndromes Orthopaedic syndromes (e.g. Osgood–Schlatter disease, Perthes’ disease) Idiopathic…
Inflammatory Infection: septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, Lyme arthritis Reactive arthritis secondary to extra-articular bacterial (e.g., streptococcal, enteric bacteria) or viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B, parvovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella, rubella) Malignancies:…
Fig. 38.1 Deep vein thrombosis of the right leg in a young boy Introduction Behçet’s disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown origin, which is seen in the pediatric age…
Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Physical barriers Skin, mucous membrane Mucosal immune system Cellular component Neutrophils Macrophages and dendritic cells Natural killer cells T and B lymphocytes Soluble molecules (circulating…
Disease Gene defect Attack duration Clinical features Risk of amyloidosis Treatment Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) MEFV 1–3 days Episodic fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, erysipeloid erythema, monoarthritis M694V and M694I mutations Colchicine…
Type Subtype Features 1. Circumscribed morphea (a) Superficial Oval or round circumscribed areas of induration limited to the epidermis and dermis, often with altered pigmentation and violaceous, erythematous halo (lilac…
Class – name Light microscopy Immunofluorescence/electron microscopy (location of immune deposits) Proteinuria Hematuria Hypertension I – minimal mesangial Normal Mesangial Absent Absent Absent II – mesangial proliferative Mesangial expansion and/or…
