Bicruciate-Retaining TKA: How to Achieve Near-Normal Kinematics
Fig. 7.1 The Gunston polycentric knee (From Gunston [22]) The 1970s saw the introduction of several BCR TKAs. The Coventry Geomedic knee consisted of a single femoral component with a…
Soft Tissue Balance, Kinematics, and Patient Satisfaction
Fig. 17.1 Factors affecting clinical results after total knee arthroplasty In this chapter, clinical and biomechanical studies are introduced to discuss the relationship among soft tissue balance, kinematics, and clinical…
Soft Tissue Balance of the Native Knee Provides Guidance for Balancing a Total Knee Arthroplasty
Fig. 2.1 Renderings of bone models of the femur, tibia, and fibula show how the varus laxity of the knee is determined. The other six laxities are determined in a…
Primary Principles in Soft Tissue Balancing
Fig. 4.1 Rectangular (a) extension gap and (b) flexion gap The resections of the tibia and femur during knee arthroplasty must result in rectangular flexion and extension gaps (equal medial…
Technical Considerations for Quadriceps Tendon Harvest
Fig. 12.1 (a) Incision and (b) scar following conventional quadriceps tendon harvest The minimally invasive harvest techniques described in this chapter, in conjunction with recent development of specialized instrumentation, allow…
Outside-in Creation of the Anatomical Femoral Tunnel(s)
Fig. 21.1 Positioning. The distal thigh is kept horizontal using a leg holder with the calf hung down by gravity Fig. 21.2 Three arthroscopic portals. In addition to the routine…
Technical Considerations for Patellar Tendon Harvest
Fig. 11.1 The saphenous nerve descends on the medial side of the knee, and the infrapatellar branch crosses the midline between the patella and the tibial tubercle. In this figure…
Treatment of MCL Injury in Combined ACL/MCL Injury
American Medical Association grading scale Clinical laxity (mm) [39] Radiographic widening (in 20° flexion) [40] Grade I Localized tenderness but no instability 3–5 mm 3.2 mm difference compared to contralateral…
Instrumented Static Laxity Evaluation
Fig. 38.1 Measurement of anterior knee laxity with the KT-1000® The KT-1000® was developed in the 1980s by Daniel et al. [22]. To date, this is the most common device…
