and Christopher P. Chiodo1 (1) Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Christopher P. Chiodo Email: jsmith42@partners.org KeywordsAnkleTibiotalarArthrodesisFusionOpenArthritisEnd-stageUnionNonunionComplications Background Ankle arthrodesis, also referred to as ankle fusion, is a…
Fig. 8.1 Reverse Coleman block test . The block is place under the first metatarsal head, (a) and the block height is adjusted until the heel valgus is corrected (b)…
Fig. 5.1 (a) Forefoot varus exists when the calcaneus is held vertical and the medial border of the foot is raised relative to the lateral border. (b) Forefoot valgus exists…
Fig. 3.1 Preoperative radiographs demonstrating ankle and subtalar arthritis with a 20-degree varus ankle deformity Fig. 3.2 Postoperative radiographs demonstrating a tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with a fusion nail Case 2 A…
Fig. 4.1 Double arthrodesis performed with screw fixation. This 77-year-old male patient underwent arthrodesis for an advanced flatfoot deformity with arthritic change. (a) Anteroposterior and (b) lateral views of the…
6.1 The Skin, the Eye and the Ear 6.1a The physiology of the skin, the eye and the ear This section focuses on the physiology of three of the sensory…
4.2 The Musculoskeletal System 4.2a The physiology of the musculoskeletal system The musculoskeletal system consists of the bony skeleton, the joints and the muscles. Its functions are to support the…
4.3 The Urinary System 4.3a The physiology of the urinary system The urinary system consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. An alternative name is the…
3.1 The Gastrointestinal System 3.1a The physiology of the gastrointestinal system In this chapter we examine the physiology and diseases of a particular physiological system, in this case, the digestive…
5.1 The Endocrine System 5.1a The physiology of the endocrine system1 It has already been explained in this book that the nervous and endocrine systems together are considered by conventional…
