© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Shital N. Parikh (ed.)The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligamenthttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64771-5_2 2. History of Ligament Injuries in Children Shital N. Parikh1 (1) Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA Shital N. Parikh Email:…
Fig. 4.1 Rate of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions per 100,000 people stratified by age group in the pediatric population (aged 3–20 years) in New York State, 1990–2009. Shaded areas indicate…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Shital N. Parikh (ed.)The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligamenthttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64771-5_6 6. Clinical Evaluation of ACL Tear Julien T. Aoyama1, Jermonte Lowe1, Anthony C. Capraro1 and Lawrence Wells1 (1) Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA …
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA 3.1 Identification of Th17 Cells The increased IL-17A production by CD4+ T cells from T…
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA As shown in Fig. 5.1a–e, there are multiple points where the interleukin 17 (IL-17)/Th17 pathway…
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA 1.1 Discovery and Structure of IL-17 The name of IL-17 was first proposed by Yao…
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA 2.1 Cellular Source of IL-17 Many cell types including immune and nonimmune cells are able…
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA The family of IL-17 cytokines is one of the most ancient cytokines that plays an…
(1) VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA 4.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovium and…
Fig. 4.1 AP axial radiograph of the left clavicle demonstrates a comminuted fracture with associated rib fractures and a moderate-sized pneumothorax (arrows) The standard AP view of the clavicle is…
