Wheelchair Basketball
Fig. 12.1 Nationals team pic Disability Groups and Classifications The majority of wheelchair athletes have suffered from spinal cord injuries. A smaller percentage of athletes also suffer from limb deficiency,…
Wheelchair Rugby
Fig. 13.1 Wheelchair Rugby Team. Photo Courtesy of Tiffanie Miner; Permission of use granted by Tiffanie Miner History Originally called murderball, wheelchair rugby was invented in 1977 in Winnipeg, Canada….
Wheelchair Curling
Picture 18.1 Curling action from the World Wheelchair Curling Championship 2016. ©World Curling Federation/Céline Stucki Equipment The Sheet Wheelchair curling is played on an ice surface called a “sheet” (Picture…
Adaptive Throwing Sports: Discus, Javelin, Shot Put, and Boccia
Amputee Cerebral palsy Visual impairment Spinal cord injury Intellectual disability Les Autres (“The Others,” including dwarfism and multiple sclerosis) The International Paralympic Committee Classification Code provides a universal template for…
Wheelchair Dance Sport
Picture 16.1 Duo Dance event. Picture taken by Alexander Sperl at the 2014 European Championships in Poland. Permission granted for use by the IPC Rules and Regulations The rules for…
Adaptive Extreme Sports
Image 28.1 Jarem Frye with a specialized prosthetic knee at El Capitan in Yosemite Park. Courtesy of Craig DeMartino Adaptive Rock Climbing As a sport, rock climbing is increasingly popular…
Wheelchair Fencing
Picture 17.1 A–C: Valid targets for (a) foil, (b) epee, and (c) sabre [2]. Permission for use granted by IWAS (©IWAS) Holding the Weapon The hand cannot leave the weapon…
Wheelchair Softball
Picture 15.1 The 2015 Chicago RIC Cubs wheelchair softball team Classification Process for Wheelchair Softball Athletes Wheelchair softball allows participation of athletes with impairment from multiple disability groups. However, the…
Adaptive Volleyball
Fig. 20.1 Classification Figure for International Sitting Volleyball. Adapted from Volleyball Canada [5] Players are assigned a classification of either minimally disabled (MD) or disabled (D; also known as full…
Adaptive Running
Impaired muscle power The muscles in the limbs or trunk are completely or partially paralyzed as a consequence of conditions such as spinal cord injury, polio, or spina bifida Impaired…
