Surgical Procedures 10.1 Overview Uncomplicated fracture healing after open reduction and internal fixation requires stable fixation. Only then does the advantage of operative therapy become apparent, namely, early active motion stability….
Surgical Approaches 9.1 General Remarks To avoid risks and complications due to incisions, these should be made on the flexor side of the hand or finger, usually in a zigzag (Bruner)…
Surgical Fracture Management 4.1 Atraumatic Technique Due to technical improvements in the materials used for internal fixation, the trend is toward surgical management of hand fractures (fingers and wrist), provided that…
Implants and Instruments 8.1 General Remarks Significant technical improvements to implants and instruments have been achieved. The dimensions and designs have been adapted to the anatomy of the hand. They have…
Depending on the assessment method, hand fractures account for one fifth to one fourth of all fractures. The frequencies of fracture locations within the hand are classified very differently and…
Postoperative Treatment No matter how accurate the internal fixation, a successful outcome largely depends on the postoperative treatment. After surgery, edema is caused by accumulation of excessive fluid in the…
Biology of Fracture Healing 2.1 Secondary Indirect Fracture Healing The healing process The natural course of fracture healing is secondary and indirect via the fracture hematoma to callus formation. This healing…
Nonoperative Fracture Management Nonoperative (conservative) management of stable and relatively stable fractures in the hand remains important, especially for fractures of the phalanges. These continue to be treated by brief…
