PART III. TREATMENT 2018 American Academy of Neurology Guidelines for Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapy Alexander D. Rae-Grant In April 2018, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) published a systematic…
2 Overview of Multiple Sclerosis Alexander D. Rae-Grant and Robert J. Fox KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a continuously active disease with subclinical lesions occurring 5 to…
224 Epidemiology and Natural History of Multiple Sclerosis Marcus W. Koch KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • The incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies between different geographical regions and ethnicities….
The standard radiological diagnostics of acetabulum fractures include conventional X-rays including an anteroposterior (AP) view of the hip; the whole pelvis (pelvic AP view); and oblique views according to Judet…
Historical Development Historically, open reduction and internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures was performed using a few standard approaches: Kocher-Langenbeck approach Ilioinguinal approach Extended iliofemoral approach Several modifications were developed…
Intraoperatively, the gold standard to analyze the results of reduction and fixation during acetabular fracture fixation is fluoroscopic X-ray views. Despite the ongoing discussion, if Judet views are still necessary…
Fracture Characteristics Definition Both-column fractures are complete articular fractures and are characterized as having no part of the articular surface connected to the axial skeleton (floating acetabulum). Both-column fractures are…
Fracture Characteristics Definition A posterior wall fracture is a partially articular fracture, characterized by a fracture of the posterior acetabular joint surface, without involvement of the entire posterior column. Posterior…
Fracture Characteristics Definition Anterior column fractures are partially articular fractures, characterized by a fracture line typically starting at the inferior pubic ramus extending cranially up to the iliac fossa, often…
Fracture Characteristics Definition Associated anterior column/wall plus posterior hemitransverse fractures are partially articular fractures with a transverse fracture component, characterized by an anterior segmental fracture (wall) or a separation of…
