Autoimmune Encephalitis
41 Autoimmune Encephalitis Michel Toledano KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) describes a group of disorders associated with neural-specific autoantibodies. • Antibodies can target either intracellular antigens or extracellular plasma…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Christopher J. Karakasis, Aliye O. Bricker, and Stephen E. Jones KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • MRI remains a mainstay for diagnosis and disease monitoring…
Multiple Sclerosis Genetics
5 Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Bruce A. C. Cree KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Family aggregation and twin studies indicate that heredity contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. • The primary MS susceptibility…
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
39 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Eliza Gordon-Lipkin and Brenda Banwell KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that manifests as…
Eye Symptoms, Signs, and Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
23 Eye Symptoms, Signs, and Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Collin M. McClelland and Steven L. Galetta KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) is a hallmark manifestation of multiple…
Transverse Myelitis
40 Transverse Myelitis Isabella Strozzi and Michael Levy KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Incidence of acute transverse myelitis (TM) is reported at 1.34 to 4.6 new cases per million annually. It…
Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis
25 Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis John F. Foley, Ryan R. Metzger, Kara Menning, Cortnee Roman, and Emily N. Stuart KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Pain is a common symptom…
Tools and Tests for Multiple Sclerosis
9 Tools and Tests for Multiple Sclerosis Robert A. Bermel KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Blood tests play an important role in excluding mimics of multiple sclerosis (MS). • Spinal fluid analysis…
Upper Extremity Function in Multiple Sclerosis
26 Upper Extremity Function in Multiple Sclerosis Christine Smith and Kathleen M. Zackowski KEY POINTS FOR CLINICIANS • Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction is a common issue for individuals with multiple sclerosis…
