Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 25.1 (a) Normal lateral C-spine X-ray showing anterior spinal line, posterior spinal line, and spinolaminar line. (b) C-spine X-ray after trauma. Note break in posterior spinal line indicating C4–C5…

Fig. 44.1 (a) X-ray of GSW of the knee and (b) metal pellets and plastic casing retrieved only after the second debridement because of insufficient initial incisions. (Courtesy of Tomoaki…

Fig. 9.1 Patients arrive at the hospital or clinic by many different means. (a) This patient was picked up on an unlit street after being run over in Kabul. His…

Fig. 38.1 Extremely tight swaddling, in which the hips are forcefully maintained in extension and adduction, increases the risk of DDH. This infant is from the Amazon region of Ecuador,…

Fig. 7.1 (a) Instruments are jumbled together in a pan for washing and (b) dumped on the table without regard for preserving the sharp cutting edges or preventing them from…

Fig. 37.1 Examples of (a) genu varum and (b) “windswept” limb deformities Limb bowing can be generalized or focal. The differential diagnosis of the cause of genu varum or genu…

Congenital limb deficiencies Features Treatment options Femoral deficiencies Congenital short femur (femoral length >50% of normal side) If congenital short femur, then lengthen femur (or shorten contralateral femur) Proximal femoral…

Fig. 40.1 (a) Ambulatory patient with spastic diplegia requires only a stick or pole for balance. (b) In contrast, a boy with spastic quadriplegia is barely able to crawl and…

Fig. 26.1 (a, b) This forearm fracture was treated by a locally made splint. (c) In a similar case, the fracture healed in excellent alignment; (d) however, the treatment was…

Fig. 12.1 Severe genu varum deformities from Blount’s disease Differential Diagnosis Physiological bilateral genu vara in otherwise healthy infants will spontaneously correct by 2–3 years of age, after which genu valga…