Body Temperature Regulation During Exercise Training
Fig. 17.1 Chest sweat rate (chest SR) plotted against esophageal temperature (T es) for one subject exercising at an ambient temperature (T a) of 25 °C. The responses to increase chest…
Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Muscle
Fig. 12.1 Overview of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Glycolysis is utilized by all tissues for the catabolism of glucose to provide energy in the form of ATP. Pyruvate dehydrogenase irreversibly…
Impaired Parathyroid Function and Bone Formation: A Risk for Development of Adynamic Bone Disease to Enhance Vascular Calcification
Glycemic control HbA1C GA Excellent (HbA1C≤6 %, GA≤18 %) 307 (57.1 %) 152 (28.3 %) Good (6 %<HbA1C≤7 %, 18 %<GA≤21 %) 128 (23.7 %) 106 (19.7 %) Good (7 %<HbA1C≤8 %, 21 %<GA≤24 %) 65 (12.1 %) 84 (15.6 %) Poor (8 %<HbA1C, 24 %<GA) 38 (7.1 %)…
Bone as an Endocrine Organ: Diabetic Bone Disease as a Cause of Endocrine Disorder via Osteocalcin, FGF23 Secreted from Osteocyte/Osteoblast
Fig. 8.1 Diabetes and bone-generated hormone interaction via osteoblast/osteocyte impairment. Several factors associated with diabetes impair osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation and function where FGF23 and osteocalcin were generated. AGEs advanced glycation end…
Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Glucose Homeostasis: Role of Leptin in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Mass Maintenance in Skeletal Muscle
Fig. 14.1 Schematic representation of the leptin’s effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle Recent studies have extended our understanding of the role of leptin in obesity and…
Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Role of Mechanical Muscle Contraction in Glucose Homeostasis
Fig. 11.1 Glucose uptake in the leg during a cycling exercise in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls (Modified from Martin et al. [3]) Muscle contraction also improves whole-body…
Sarcopenia in Diabetes Mellitus
Fig. 16.1 Interaction between sarcopenia and diabetes. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is the most important link between sarcopenia and diabetes. Sarcopenia and obesity appear to have additive effects on…
Clinical Application of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes with Chronic Kidney Disease
Fig. 19.1 Intradialytic exercise program (i.e., exercise during dialysis sessions). a Aerobic exercise using a recumbent cycle ergometer. b Strength training using ankle weights Exercise professionals often need to be…
Clinical Application of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes
Fig. 18.1 Exercise therapy application criteria for patients with diabetes; after careful medical check, exercise prescription on the type, time, intensity, and frequency must be ordered according to the degree…
